While the European Euro 6d standard limiting pollutant emissions into the atmosphere came into force in January this year, the European Commission is working on several options for the content and date of application of Euro 7. To develop their next products, manufacturers are already basing themselves on reference values.
The 114-kW fuel cell in the Toyota Mirai has a power density of 3.1 kW/l, one of the best scores of any of the fuel cells currently on the market. Due to their number and thickness, bipolar plates contribute a large share of the cell volume. A great deal of R&D is actively being carried out on this topic, and some of the results offer the hope of achieving a power density of 6 kW/l in the medium term.
After exiting the cylinder head, the exhaust gases from the latest supercharged petrol engines pass through the turbocharger turbine and then through a 3-way catalytic converter. Their path must be as short as possible in order to limit heat loss and reduce the time required to initiate post-cleaning after a cold start. However, this proximity complicates the operation of the catalytic converter, which receives unstable gas flows of different temperatures and different lambda coefficients (oxygen content). Continental has developed a turbine outlet integrating a mixer internal to the catalyst and an overflow valve that does not interfere with the post-cleaning operation.
As indirect liquid cooling of batteries gradually takes over from air cooling, a new technology is helping to boost the charging power: immersing cells in a dielectric fluid.